Natural Technological Environment of Subway Sandwich Essay Example

Natural Technological Environment of Subway Sandwich Paper There are include, all new and remodeled stores are now using energy efficient lighting saving electricity as well as low flow water faucets saving an estimated 182. 1 million gallons of water annually and today’s the majority of the packaging used in subway restaurant is made with recycled content and 100% can be recycled or composted. Besides, subways are in the process of moving to these packaging specifications globally. Nowadays there are 14 Subway Echo Restaurant are available and operating. These are the stores that built and designed to be more energy efficient, conserve water and reduce asset. Subway is trying to provide their franchise by having the best solutions to help them get improved on their operations focusing on energy efficiency, resource conservation, waste reduction and food safety. Energy Efficiency is design and the nature of our product offering our operations are fairly energy efficient but as energy costs continue to raise it is important to improve the energy efficiency of our restaurants. Lighting and electronic signage are the most important components of the restaurants and are the big users of energy in the store. Over the past few years, they have been improving their energy efficiency by shifted all new and remodeled restaurants to high efficiency lighting and made LED exterior signage optional in 2008 and then they are began to transition to LED lighting for sandwich units. Subway is in the process of piloting the use of additional energy saving equipment, features and processes such as LED interior lighting. We will write a custom essay sample on Natural Technological Environment of Subway Sandwich specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Natural Technological Environment of Subway Sandwich specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Natural Technological Environment of Subway Sandwich specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer So on water conservation, many regions around the world are beginning to experience varying degrees of water stress due to increases in population, weather tatter changes or adequate water management infrastructure that can result in inadequate supply of safe drinking water. For many years, recycling and composting bins have been available for franchiser’s for aiming to recycle compost. Subway restaurants are required to maintain a litter free environment and we encourage our customers to recycle. Subway are worked with their suppliers to optimize how our products are packaged to reduce waste streams for breads, meats, cheeses, sauces, produce, paper products and cleaning products used in our restaurants. For example, the sauces and most of the tuna are now in film pouches which require less energy to package and transport and remove 6 million pounds of corrugate from our waste stream annually. By removing the paper interline between our sliced cheeses, an additional 450,000 pounds of paper has been removed from our waste stream annually. In today, franchisees have the option to portion some ingredients using a scoop. This process eliminates the need to pre-proportions in food trays and removes additional packaging from our waste stream annually. Furthermore packaging the packaging goal is to only using the packaging that can be able to recycled or composted where facilities exists. The Subway restaurant franchisees have the option to serve their dine- in guests with a reuse able basket lined with deli paper or lined tray. This will be the approach minimizes the associated waste stream and improves the meal presentation. However, the franchisees conform to all the local legislation and having the recyclable paper bags that made with 100% recycled paper or reuse able bags are available for those areas that restrict or an plastic bag usage. In additional, the echo-restaurants are Subway franchisees are entrepreneurs and they are many visionaries dedicated to supporting their communities and the environment. In fact, Some have built ECHO-Restaurants designed to conserve resources during the development process and set the stage for efficient operations in the future. Technological environment The food safety and food quality are the top priority for Subway. The goal for Subway is to serve food that is consistently the highest quality of meats and feet standards from all the time when it is put into a sandwich or salad. To ensure that the food that been serve is always fresh and sustainable produced they have well as stringent audit process that they will be enforce throughout their supply chain as well as require ire that their suppliers’ employment practices meet their Vendor Code of Conduct. By giving the high standards for food safety to ensure that the entire Subway customer will getting the quality from the Subway brand. It starts with setting detail product pacifications followed by the inspection of samples that pulled from the distribution to ensure that specifications are being met. The Subway brand Office of Food Safety and Quality Enhancement team will review all the Subway food safety and quality programs and might giving recommendation for improvement if it’s needed. This team will be works together with the vendors to achieve the subway food safety and the quality improvement goals. Food safety is one of the main important roles in the Subway restaurant. Sandwich Artists are required to always follow the strict hand gashing procedures and proper glove usage for all food handling processes.

Early Civilization Class Systems essays

Early Civilization Class Systems essays Throughout history and into the present we can see that class systems were both present, and necessary in major civilizations. The class systems uniqueness determined the role of the individual in each society. Class systems affected the political systems, economic systems, and social life of each culture. Ancient cultures displayed variations on the class theme. In India people were placed into classes at birth. In China all people followed the Jen system, which was not based on wealth alone. But we can see a common theme that runs through class systems that is used even today, power and money. The power that an individual created for himself or herself through money, fame or personal efficiency would place them in a class distinguished as High, Middle, or Low. High being the ones with the most power and low being with the least power. Also there were usually subdivisions within each class, which were either defined or muted in the civilizations. In reviewing and researching ancient cultures I have concluded that class systems maintained order and ensured success in ancient civilizations. The majority of ancient civilizations became and remained dependent on the definition or presence of classes in their societies. As Herbert J. Wuller describes the beginning of class systems, More specifically, the rise of civilization forced the social question that is still with us. By their great drainage and irrigation system the Sumerians were able to produce an increasing surplus of material wealth. The question is: Who was to possess and enjoy this wealth? The answer in Sumer was an invariable one: Chiefly a privileged few. The god who in theory owned it all in fact required the services of priestly bailiffs, and before long these were doing more than their share in assisting him to enjoy it, at the expense of the many menials beneath them. Class divisions grew more pronounced in the divine household, as in the city at la...

Domain-Emotional Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Domain-Emotional - Assignment Example reakthroughs achieved via online learning are immense where many students benefit from such programs, including disabled ones as well who find it discomforting to leave the confines of their homes to seek education. However, this doesn’t imply that online learning is free from issues and drawbacks. Amongst many other challenges, the challenge of organization can be deemed as the most pressing one, where the domain where the challenge may be placed is emotional. The issue of organization becomes emotional in the pretext that whenever the aim to organize the course of studies is partaken, major barriers are found in the way which becomes a source for emotional dis-balance (Facoine, 2013). In other words, due to the issues with organizing the course of studies in a compact manner, a lapse of judgment may be experienced over the choice of medium of learning which then becomes emotionally disturbing. An ordinary mind would fail to develop a connection between the challenge of organization and the domain of emotions. Yet, studying the facts and significance of organization for human life may reveal striking implications. Organization is termed as the series of steps or processes which must be taken in order to achieve the goal within the prescribed set of resources (Hatch & Cunnliff 2013). In terms of learning, organization refers to clear understanding of modules, qualifying the course with satisfactory grades and also, coming out with an enhanced vision over the subject by the end of the tenure. To achieve these ends, certain means need to be employed. The issue is, the means which humans use are the conventional ones for instance, combined studies, reaching out to the instructors and team mates to clarify concepts, one-on-one contact with the peers, grouping up to form opinions and discuss issues to see trends amongst those who are sharing the course inputs and outputs and man y other things. However, in the absence of such conventional means to organize the

Zappos Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Zappos - Essay Example Zippos and its CEO have provided lessons that a strong leader ought to combine both leadership and management aspects in order to perform in a suitable manner. The CEO has ensured communication with both customers and workers. He has realized proper motivation for employees and proper customer relationship (Berger, 2011). The CEO ensured relocation of the company to Las Vegas in order to overcome the challenges of globalization. The relocation achieved proper customer service and gain of new customers. Operating in Las Vegas gave the company a competitive advantage due to proximity to customers and low cost operation. The CEOs ability to deal with a diverse workforce contributed to the success of the company. The CEO has developed an appropriate corporate culture, embraced by every employee in the company. The CEO developed a dynamic culture fundamental for future growth (Berger, 2011). These aspects were fundamental for the growth of the company. For example, the CEO ensured proper treatment of customers, even in cases unassociated with the sale of products. The company chose to remain at break even for a long period in order to maintain quality services to the customers. Appropriate character and personal integrity that leads to customer attraction and satisfaction are evident where the CEO emulates customer service an important aspect of the business (Berger, 2011). I agree that Zippos is different from other companies. Al through, the company has mastered the art of customer service by emulating a culture unique from other corporations. Most companies focus on profits and forget the importance customer service. The choice of the company to remain at breakeven was a difficult one (Berger, 2011). Organizations can perform well if they emulate proper customer service and motivation of workers. Employee motivation ensures efficiency in the work place, and proper customer service ensures retention and attraction of new

Personal and Private Information Exposures and Opportunities Term Paper

Personal and Private Information Exposures and Opportunities - Term Paper Example It will discuss these concerns from the perspective of protecting personal rights. The rights of companies to share information will also be discussed and the rights to have private information protected shall also be considered in this discussion. How credit agencies often skate the thin lines in privacy shall be another aspect of this paper. Case studies and measures supporting the position taken will also be presented. This paper is being carried out in order to provide a clear and well-supported discussion on rights of privacy in the current age of pervasive socialization activities. Private and personal information are now available through various access points in the internet – via social networking sites, online sales transactions, and even membership in organizations (Boyd and Heer). However, private and personal information expose individuals to various illegal internet activities including internet fraud, identity theft, harassment, phishing and similar activities. Through social networking sites alone, personal information is often available to the public and to the user’s friends (Chiaramonte and Martinez, 6). ... Networking sites, especially Facebook have come under fire for its failure to protect the privacy of its users (Coppola, et.al., 95). At one point, Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg was severely criticized for stating that ‘privacy was dead.’ This belief epitomizes Zuckerberg lackadaisical concern for user privacy in Facebookl this would also explain why features to protect user’s privacy were not immediately laid out from the very start (Public Policy and Management). It took years and a significant amount of pressure and backlash from the social networking community for Facebook to finally relent to the installation of tighter privacy options for users. At one point, Facebook even admitted that it made the email addresses of their users available to various organizations and corporations (Lampe, et.al., 167). This practice has since been stopped by the popular social networking site. Despite the privacy settings now made available to Facebook and social network u sers, there still are risks to the exposure of the privacy of these users (Hass, 30). For one, there is still no guarantee that the social networking sites are not releasing user information to corporations for the right price. Moreover, the failure of users in utilizing the privacy features is also an issue which does not guarantee privacy and protection of users (Stutzman). Some users in Facebook are not aware that their social activities and other internet activities are often being tracked and posted in Facebook. Many websites now ask users or readers whether they are reading as Facebook users, and not knowing the implications of agreeing to Yes/No dialogue boxes, these users often just tick Yes and from then, all the articles they read, the videos they watch, and the

Marketing Strategies For Enterprise Branding Of Tesco China Marketing Essay

Marketing Strategies For Enterprise Branding Of Tesco China Marketing Essay This essay mainly presents marketing strategies for enterprise branding in Chinese markets of the British company Tesco (Tesco Co. LTD). The marketing strategies are divided into different aspects which contain the External Analysis, Budgeting, Products, Services, Market Segmentation, the Brand and the Welfare State. As can be seen from the essay, the services seem to be known as the most important factor of the marketing strategies. Tesco (Tesco co. LTD), which was founded in 1919, is known as one of the most successful supermarkets around the world, in terms of profits, reaching  £59.4bn in sales at the end of 2009 according to the financial statements 2009 (Appendix 1). Whilst many areas of the world may have been partially penetrated by supermarkets, the Chinese mainland market is treated as a totally new opportunity for the fast-paced development of Tesco. Since 2004, the year when Tesco opened the first supermarket in China, this world famous company opened 89 mass merchandisers, 12 convenience stores and 4 Lifespace shopping plaza mainly covering 30 cities throughout China. According to Terry Leahy, the Chief Executive of Tesco, At a time when customers everywhere are feeling the economic strain, we are responding to their changing needs in all our markets by lowering prices, introducing more affordable products and offering even sharper promotions. He also points out that these actions, combined with their core strengths in selling food and everyday essentials, owning their own property and having a broad business base, are helping them to cope well with the effects of the downturn. All of this gives credit to their marketing strategies. The increasingly perfected marketing strategies seem to be defined as one of the main factors which have helped Tesco register remarkable achievements, not only in sales but also in business evolution during that period of time. This essay will explain the marketing strategies for enterprise branding of Tesco in China. Overview With the fast-paced permeation of high technology, the retail trade, which is closely bound up with peoples daily life, is becoming a focus of societys attention. However, in the retail trade industry, supermarkets are seen as the most fundamental form of marketing, not only provides consumers with the choice of food, but also non-food choices, such as electrical appliances and clothing. According to Mohan (2009), with the development of economic globalization, infinite commercial opportunities are provided for those international retail trade companies which are planning to land their ideally attractive markets. As the UKs largest and worlds third largest grocery retailers, Tesco has adequately played a role of leader in this situation through the same industrial level, in terms of the ability of using IT to excavate the referable data and the marketing strategies to strengthen the loyalty index of consumers and the brand share. On December 8, 2010, Tesco in China reported its results for the third quarter of fiscal year 2010/2011. According to the report for China, there was a strong growth in global business; group sales increased by 8.8%, international business grew by 15.7% of total sales. UK business continued to perform well, total sales increased by 5.0%. Asian markets had a rapid growth, in terms of a sales growth of 23.4%. It is particularly worth mentioning is Tesco in China opened the fourth LifeSpace shopping plaza in Anshan with the business occupancy rate of 96%. (Data available on http://www.cn.tesco.com/en/news/tesco_news1_143.htm) The Necessity of developing the International Market The sustained and rapid development of the economy successfully promoted the international business expansion among a large number of retail trade companies; the choice of international markets can somehow extend the products life cycle and ease the pressures in the local market competition. The main factors why Tesco chose the expansion of international operations are shown below: Britains retail market is currently in the mature stage, therefore, selecting a new breakthrough is necessary; Europes retailers are faced with increasingly intense external challenges and competition at present; hence, it is a wise measure to develop the potential market outside Europe; Tesco now has established branches in 14 countries, as is shown in Appendix 2. As the UKs largest retailer, Tesco has the ability to manage and balance its worldwide operations; In order to surmount the large number of international competitors, it is necessary for Tesco to increase its market share. Tescos marketing strategy in China External Analysis Strategy development or review logically starts with external analysis, an analysis of factors external to a business that can affect strategy. Tesco uses a particularly useful concept in conducting an external analysis, which is called strategic questions; this kind of question often suggests subquestions, each of these sub-questions can, in turn, generate still another level of sub-subquestions. This really helps Tesco know what their consumers are willing to buy. Just as Aaker (1995) said: The goal of external analysis is to influence strategy by identifying opportunities, threats, trends, and strategic questions. Its ultimate goal is to improve strategic choices-decisions as to where and how to compete. Furthermore, external analysis also helps Tesco focus on a single segment or attempt to serve multiple segments, perhaps obtaining across-segment synergies. Budgeting Tesco uses the budget as the most efficient tool for management planning and controlling in China. According to McLaney (2008), Budgets do not exist in a Vacuum; they are an important part of a planning framework that is adopted by well-run businesses. Therefore, a well-prepared budgeting is necessary for a company to develop in an international market. Products Lachman (1986) pointed out that marketers can expand their range of products in order to enhance consumers satisfaction. Driven by the global economic integration, many Chinese consumers began to slowly accept Western culture, as well as the imported food which is produced by the majority of Western suppliers. As an international business, Tesco is able to leverage the advantages of a distribution for the Chinese market with a large number of imported products. While taking into account the price, the quality of the products has been paid more attention by consumers currently. Kayl, the CFO of Tesco, said that the only way to assure the establishment of a permanent link between us and consumers is strictly monitoring the quality of the products. Tesco can satisfy retailers, suppliers and customers, leading to a win-win situation. Services Firstly, although there are many 24-hour convenience stores, the size is not large enough. However, Tesco has achieved a breakthrough in this regard, that is to say building larger stores around the world. Secondly, with the fast-paced development of the Internet, a large number of consumers will choose to shop online; Tesco has not only improved their services, and its online service is also constantly being renovated, so that consumers can enjoy the fun of online shopping. According to Tescos official website, the online shopping sales in 2009 added 30.9%, profits create an increase of 49.2% compared with 2008. Tesco.com possesses 100 million customers in 2009. (Data available on Tesco official website) Thirdly, when the holidays come, it is common that there will appear problems in supply of goods suppliers and collection systems in many supermarkets. Faced with this problem, Tesco also has its own response. Tesco and suppliers are using the suppliers management systems that can have quick replenishments, in order to reduce the rate of the stores OOS (out of stock). In addition, Tesco has also installed self-service cash registers, consumers can check out by scanning their product, which greatly eases the pressure of collection, saving consumers time. Fourthly, Tesco has for a long time implemented a system of membership cards. This system is not a simple loyalty program of filling prescriptive points for exchanging prizes; it is defined as a combination between information technology, database creation, and analyses of consumers, then accordingly to guide and access to more accurate customer segments, more targeted marketing strategies and customer relationship management system. The magnetic strip card and electronic scanning technology is really helpful to analysis each members buying preferences and consumption patterns, Tesco can not only design the personalized quarterly newsletters for different sub-groups, but also greatly enhance the customer satisfaction and loyalty. Fifthly, as the saying goes: The consumers satisfaction is basically from the employees satisfaction. Therefore, Tesco is not only concerned about the interests of consumers, but also pays more attention to the interests of their employees. For example, in order to reduce the work pressure of their employees, Tesco provide every cashier with a seat when they are doing their work. To sum up, Tesco has been working to improving their products and services, in terms of always trying to make up for its own shortcomings and to enhance consumers satisfaction, for instance, some Tesco stores are planning to set up larger parking lots to satisfy Chinas increasing growth of car ownership. 3.5 Market Segmentation Based on the consumers preferences, the customers are divided into six sub-groups by Tesco; there are eight sub-groups which are distributed by life stage; and according to purchasing habits and behavior patterns consumers are divided into as many as 5,000 groups. The benefits which Tesco is gained from the detailed market segmentation include: more targeted pricing strategies more selective procurement plans more personalized promotions more attentive customer services more measurable marketing effects more convincing market research The benefits stated above provide a promotion of consumers satisfaction and loyalty to Tesco. Brand Another commendable marketing strategy is co-branding program, or in other words several strong brands federatively launch a customer loyalty program. Such as for womens Me Time, family women can accumulate points in exchange for their daily purchases in beauty, hair products, or discount coupons for some companies. In these activities, Tesco and those co-operated brands achieved the effect of win-win. At the same time, Tesco has also introduced a large number of own brand products, and compared with those brands, Tescos own brand saved a lot of costs of publicity, and packaging is relatively simple, hence, Tesco has a comparative advantage (cost of sales is lower than others) in price. 3.7 The Welfare State Tesco has a relatively impeccable welfare state, includes retirement security, unemployment insurance system and workers compensation. According to Maks (1990), all three types of welfare security measures effectively improved the situation that welfare state policies create failures that in the real world are more serious than those that they are imagined to cure, since the employees rights and interests are correctly ensured. Conclusion As a result, with the increasingly perfected marketing strategies in China, in terms of the external analysis, budgeting, products, service, market segmentation, the brand and the welfare state, Tesco has delivered solid sales and profits in China, whilst continuing to invest in long-term strategy for growth. Tesco has made a good start to the new financial year, 2011, and Tesco will continue to make good progress even in this unknown and unstable global economic environment. Appendix (Available on http://www.tescoplc.com/plc/media/pr/pr2009/2009-04-21/) Appendix 1 TESCO: GROWTH IN TOUGH TIMES (Financial Statement) 21 April 2009 53 weeks ended 28 February 2009 2008/9 Growth vs 2007/8 53-week basis Group sales (inc. VAT)  £59.4bn 15.1% Group revenue (ex. VAT)  £54.3bn 15.1% Group trading profit  £3,090m 12.4% Underlying profit before tax  £3,128m 10.0% Group profit before tax  £2,954m 5.5% Underlying diluted earnings per share  £28.92p 11.0% Diluted earnings per share  £27.31p 2.6% Dividend per share  £11.96p (Available on http://www.cn.tesco.com/en/news/tesco_news1_143.htm) The part of distributions of Tesco around the world Country Entrance Year Number of shops UK 1897 Czechoslovakia 1996 35 Hungary 1994 87 Poland 1995 105 Turkey 2003 8 China 2004 89 Japan 2003 111 Malaysia 2001 13 South Korea 1999 62

Geroge Orwell Essay -- Essays Papers

Geroge Orwell â€Å"One of the things Orwell bequeathed us was the adjective ‘Orwellian’†¦. It is a frightening word, generally applied to a society organized to crush and dehumanize the individual, sometimes signifying the alienation of that individual if he dares to rebel† (Lewis 13). George Orwell, the pseudonym for Eric Arthur Blair, depicted the importance of the individual in society and the danger of too much community in his literature. Through his personal experiences, however, he explored the ideas of socialism and was torn between the individual and community ideals. In his literature and his past, Orwell spoke against movements that remove the individual, but still emphasized the importance of community. Thus, he advocated a need for balance between the two concepts. In 1922, Orwell began working as the assistant superintendent of police in Myaungmya, Burma, and this is where his hatred toward imperialism and its tyrannical rule over the underdogs in society developed. He felt guilty torturing and flogging unwilling subjects. The community had taken too much power over the individual, and the imperialist society commanded Orwell to enforce this injustice: â€Å"I was stuck between my hatred of the empire I served and my rage against the evil-spirited little beasts who tried to make my job impossible. With one part of my mind I thought of the British Raj as an unbreakable tyranny†¦with another part I thought the greatest joy in the world would be to drive a bayonet into a Buddhist priest’s guts. Feelings like these are normal by-products of imperialism† (qtd. in Lewis 41). Obviously, imperialism had affected Orwell to the point where he developed animosity towards the Burmese. As a policeman doing â€Å"the dirty work of the Empire† (qtd. in Lewis 41), Orwell acquired a hatred for imperialism, a belief that is focused on dominion over other individuals. Orwell later moved on to Spain where he joined the Partido Obrero de Unificacià ³n Marxista (POUM), or the Workers’ Party for Marxist Unity, and began his belief in socialism. When he arrived in Barcelona, he noticed an almost complete elimination of the social class structure: â€Å"Waiters and shop-walkers looked you in the face and treated you as an equal. Everyone called everyone else Comrade and Thou†¦. In outward appearance, the wealthy had practically ceased to exist†¦. In some ways I did not... ...nstantly struggled between these two ideas, and throughout his life he fought for a socialist society in Britain to represent his belief in the need of both community and the individual. He wrote powerfully and blatantly to illustrate the concept of balance between the affects of community and the individual. Bibliography: Chen, Anna. George Orwell a Literary Trotskyist? 2 Oct. 2000. K1 Internet Publishing. 13 Dec. 2000 . Lewis, Peter. George Orwell: The Road to 1984. New York and London: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1981. Orwell, George. 1984. New York: Signet Classic, 1961. Orwell, George. â€Å"Shooting an Elephant.† Shooting an Elephant and Other Essays. Ed. Sonia Orwell. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc., 1950. 3-12. Orwell, George. â€Å"Reflections on Gandhi.† Shooting an Elephant and Other Essays. Ed. Sonia Orwell. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc., 1950. 93-103. Teck, Yee. Nineteen Eighty-Four and Personal Freedom. 2 Oct. 2000. K1 Internet Publishing. 13 Dec. 2000 . Williams, Rhodri. Orwell’s Political Messages in Animal Farm, Homage to Catalonia and Nineteen Eighty-Four. 2 Oct. 2000. K1 Internet Publishing. 13 Dec. 2000 .

Beginner English Lesson Plan: First Day of Class

Beginner English Lesson Plan: First Day of Class Note to teachers: With beginners, mime and movement are essential. Don’t worry if students cannot understand everything you say, speak slowly and use lots of body language to convey instructions. For beginners, understanding and conveying basic meaning is much more important than using perfect grammar. Encourage students to use any English they have available to get their point across. Remember, learning a language is not a linear process. Level: Beginner with some prior English Time: 1. 5 hours Materials: Bring some everyday objects to class (preferably one for each student) choose a few things from different categories, like clothing, food, and household items. Also bring paper and pens and pictures from home (if available). Objective: Review basic vocabulary and sentence structures, assess students’ skill levels and prior knowledge, and get to know your students on the first day. Activity 1: Introductions (5 minutes). As students enter the classroom walk around and say â€Å"hello. † Introduce yourself using the phrase â€Å"hi, my name is†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and ask â€Å"what is your name? Try to elicit responses and make students feel at ease. Activity 2: Warm up circle toss (5 minutes). Form a standing circle and practice as a group, the phrases â€Å"hi my name is†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and â€Å"what’s your name? † If you have writing materials available, write the phrase and question in a place that all students can see it and use it as a reference. Then choose one of the objects that can be easily tossed around. Start the circle toss by saying the phrase, â€Å"hi, my name is†¦Ã¢â‚¬  then toss the object and ask â€Å"what is your name? Students must then mimic your example until everyone has had at least one turn. Activity 3: Vocabulary (10 minutes). Have students sit, but stay in a circle. Gather the objects that you have brought and show them to the students. Start by asking â€Å"what is this? † and see if anyone knows the answer. Hold one object up and repeat the name of the object slowly, using the phrase â€Å"this is a†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Pass the object to your left and ask â€Å"what is this? † The student to the left should respond with â€Å"this is a†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and then ask â€Å"what is this? † and pass it to the left.Continue this activity until all items have been passed around the circle. This may seem repetitive, but it is important that students are comfortable with the activities and feel successful, especially on the first day. If it seems too easy for the students you can make the game more challenging by having several items circulating at once or by asking students to close their eyes and see if they can recognize items by touch. Activity 4: Categories (15-20 minutes). Give each student one of the objects and have them find other students with objects of the same category.You can demonstrate this by showin g two like items and nodding your head then show two unlike items and shaking your head. Once students are organized into groups, try to elicit the name of their category such as â€Å"food†. Each group is then responsible for coming up with 5 other items that belong in their category and presenting those words to the other groups. Have students draw pictures or mime other items for their category, if they don’t know the English word encourage them to ask you â€Å"what is this in English? † and then give them the word, making sure that it is repeated by every member of the group.Once the groups are confident with the new words, have different students from each group teach their new words to the rest of the class. Ask one student to hold up a picture and ask â€Å"what is this? † If no one knows the answer then the student with the picture can drill the class, saying the word and having the other students repeat it back. Do this with each group until all the new words have been practiced. Note: If students seem very comfortable with the vocabulary, introduce new categories for each group before starting the activity and have students think of as many words as they can.Some suggestions are: Animals, Professions, Family Members, or Things You Like to Do. Activity 5: Get to know your neighbor (20 minutes). This activity is meant for you to better assess the skill levels in the class. For this activity you are the observer, only prompt students if they seem stuck. Take mental notes of the grammar structures and the vocabulary that they use. If some students are much stronger than others remember them, you can use them for demonstrations and have them help others. For this activity put students in pairs.Have them ask and answer simple questions about themselves and their partners, let them ask any questions they can. Students are to get to know something about their partner. Next, have them find new partners. Student A will tell the new partner something about student B and visa versa; then everyone swaps partners and repeats the activity. Choose one of the more confident students to demonstrate a dialogue. Any photos or props you have available would be useful for this exercise. Introduce yourself and ask the student to do the same.Ask a simple question that the student will probably know or that you can mime for meaning. For example â€Å"Do you like †¦? † and hold up one of the food items. You can mime â€Å"I like† and â€Å"I don’t like† if the student doesn’t understand. Then grab another student and say â€Å"This is Nola, she likes †¦ † Follow with â€Å"Do you like†¦? † Put Nola with the other student and have Nola ask the second student another question. For example â€Å"How old are you? † Demonstrate this a few times by guiding students to ask and answer question then switching them with other students.Emphasize that they can ask an y question. Once they get the idea. Give them 15 minutes to talk to as many students as they can. Walk around and listen to what students come up with, but don’t correct them. If a pair is totally lost then give them some questions and practice them with them, otherwise just observe. Activity 6: Wrap up (10 minutes). Have students stay in the pairs that they are in. Tell them to tell you something about their partner. Be encouraging and don’t insist on correct grammar as long as the basic structure is there, for example Nola might say â€Å"This is Sam, he like swimming. Instead of correcting the student, just repeat the phrase back using the correct grammar by saying something like, â€Å"oh, Sam likes swimming. I like swimming too. † If there are common mistakes among students you can use that as a focus for your next lesson. Ending the class: End the class by saying goodbye repeating the names of students and shaking their hands. Try to remember their names and something unique about them. For example, â€Å"it was nice to meet you Sam, have fun swimming. †

The Difference Between Design and Utility Patents

The Difference Between Design and Utility Patents A design patent protects only the ornamental appearance of an invention, not its utilitarian features. A utility patent would protect the way an article is used and works. It can be very confusing to understand the difference between a design patent and other types of intellectual property. Understanding Utility Patents It can get tricky because while design and utility patents provide separate types of protection, the utility and ornamentally of an invention are not easily separable. Inventions have both functional and ornamental characteristics and you can apply for both a design and a utility patent for the same invention. Moreover, if the design does provide utility for an invention (for example; the ergonomic shape design of a keyboard makes it useful as an invention that provides comfort and reduces carpal tunnel syndrome) then you would apply for a utility patent to protect the design. Understanding Copyrights Design patents protect the novel ornamental features of a utilitarian invention. Copyrights can also protect things that are ornamental, however, copyrights do not have to protect useful things for example, a fine art painting or sculpture. Understanding Trademarks Design patents can be filed for the same subject matter protected by a trademark. However, two different set of laws apply to patents and trademarks. For example, if the shape of a keyboard was protected by a design patent then anybody copying your shape would be infringing upon your patent rights. If the shape of your keyboard was trademark registered, anybody copying your keyboard shape and causing confusion for consumers (i.e. causing you to lose sales) would be infringing upon on your trademark. Legal Definition of Design According to the USPTO: A design consists of the visual ornamental characteristics embodied in, or applied to, an article of manufacture. Since a design is manifested in appearance, the subject matter of a design patent application may relate to the configuration or shape of an article, to the surface ornamentation applied to an article, or to the combination of configuration and surface ornamentation. A design for surface ornamentation is inseparable from the article to which it is applied and cannot exist alone. It must be a definite pattern of surface ornamentation, applied to an article of manufacture. The Difference Between the Invention and the Design An ornamental design may be embodied in the entire invention or only a part of the invention. The design could be ornamentation applied to the surface of an invention. Note: When preparing your design patent application and creating your patent drawings; if a design is just surface ornamentation, it must be shown applied to an article in the patent drawings, and the article must be shown in broken lines, as it forms no part of the claimed design. Be Aware There is a big difference between a design and utility patent, realize that a design patent may not give you the protection desired. An unscrupulous invention promotion company may mislead you in this way.

Black Holes essays

Black Holes essays The universe as we know it is an amazing thing. There is so much we have learned, but there is even more that we have yet to understand. One of the great mysteries of the universe is the black hole. While most people are not really sure of what they are, some think that they are a magical gateway into another galaxy or another part of our universe. The mystery surrounding the black hole is what made me interested in them. The first scientists to study black holes and the collapsing of stars were Robert Oppenhimer and his student Hartland Snyder, early in the nineteen hundreds. They came up with the name black hole because of the fact that not even light could escape their gravitational pull. The second part, hole, is due to the actual hole where everything is absorbed and where the center core is found. Since all black holes are created from the collapse of a star, one must know a little bit about how a star is formed. A star is created when huge gas clouds come together. Then they join and form a hot core that is made from all the energy within the two gas clouds. This energy is so great that when they first collide, a nuclear reaction takes place and the gases inside the star begin to burn continuously. The star maintains its shape because of an equilibrium that is accomplished by the gravitational pull from the core of the star being equal to the gravitational pull of the gases. This goes on for millions of years until the fuel of the star runs out. When this happens the outward force is not as strong as the inward gravitational force, causing the star to cave in on itself. Depending on the original mass and ending mass of the star there are several things that can happen, one of them being the formation of a black hole. It is believed that when the core of a star is so massive, the collapse of that star would cause something of an even greater mass. The mass of this new object that is creat...

The Social Class system is alive and well.Discuss Essay

The Social Class system is alive and well.Discuss - Essay Example This paper in particular tends to argue that despite the pledge of political leaders, social class system is still alive and well at every point of societal concerns in the developed nations like UK and US. Among the various social class theories Marxism is the most prominent one which contributed to the communist outburst in the nineteenth century. Karl Marx, the German sociologist through his social class theory defined the capitalist society into two major classes; bourgeoisie and proletariat. Bourgeoisie refers to the owners of the means of production whereas proletariat refers to the labor class. According to him, a fair society would come true only if everyone has the ownership on factories, public services, and means of production, which could be utilized for the common good. This is the basis of other political philosophies like communism and socialism. Marxism got multiple responses from all over the world and altered the political facet of many economies by making global divisions such as capitalist and communist camps. The relevance of the theory is still a matter of political debate and the so called equality is a utopian idea to capitalists. They believe that social equali ty cannot be attained through class struggle, and moreover the state ownership or limited access to private property would lessen employees’ creativity. Class is natural as well as inevitable feature of a society which would gradually emerge in every civilization despite all forced strategies. Therefore, a genuine attempt to bring forth equality should focus on healthy interaction, tolerance, and mutual understanding between the classes. Although Max Webber also found two classes; owners and workers, he disagreed with Karl Marx’s concept to certain extents. According to him, class is determined by one’s occupation rather than the ownership of the means of production. He argued that an unskilled laborer who is engaged in menial jobs would belong to

Human Trafficking-Sheila Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human Trafficking-Sheila - Essay Example It is clear that pornography has been on ascending in the recent past, and the profits generated by the industry are such an exorbitant amount especially the child pornography (Rafferty, 2013). The young generation is therefore in danger of the crime. The offenders see the market gap and recruit more children into the vice (Hardy, Compton, & McPhatter, 2013). The child human trafficking hence finds valid reasons to transport them across the world. The recruited individuals are forcefully made to participate in the acts that are used to distribute across the mother earth. According to a study by Troung, (2013) more than half of the child trafficking occurs due to demand of domestic workers. Other studies indicate similar trends to continue, and the transportation of the child human trafficking is bound to persist. Various families have shown aspiration to have domestic workers within their ranks. Due to increased poverty, the children are easily lured into the crime (Masten, 2014). Their employers in turn mistreat them while the offenders of the child human trafficking go on with the recruitment of more children. It is a primary concern that motivates the child human trafficking. Children are seen as a source of labor in the society. The traffickers recruit them and make them work for no compensation or little income that does not resemble their output (Rafferty, 2013). They make more profits and get the urge to hire more to sustain their production. The children are made to works tirelessly under no protection that is a violation of their rights while conscription is kept across the globe (Brayley & Cockbain, 2014). Contemporary studies have indicated that not only in the past was the children recruited as soldiers but in the modern era as well. Various war groups, particularly in the Middle East, have shown the trend to recruit young personnel in their ranks to defend and carry out